#PERIOD AFTER unknown author - 04/1999 -

Pravna analiza uredbe o unutrasnjim poslovima za vreme ratnog stanja

Decree on Internal Affairs During the State of War


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Uredbom se regulise da se za vreme ratnog stanja primenjuju Zakon o unutrasnjim poslovima i drugi propisi iz oblasti unutrasnjih poslova, ako samom uredbom nije drugacije predvidjeno.

Uredba predvidja odredjena sira ovlascenja Ministarstva unutrasnjih poslova za vreme ratnog stanja, i to:

Ministarstvo moze ograniciti kretanje - zadrzati lice i duze od 24 sata koji maksimum je bio propisan clanom 11 stav 3 Zakona o unutrasnjim poslovima Republike Srbije, ako je to potrebno radi uspostavljanja javnog reda i mira ili sprecavanja ugrozavanja odbrane i bezbednosti, a ukoliko zbog neotklonjivih smetnji ne postoji mogucnost preduzimanja prekrsajnog ili krivicnog gonjenja. Ovo ovlascenje Ministarstvo ima prema licima koja: ugrozavaju javni red i mir, spekulisu na trzistu u uslovima ratnog stanja, remete propisane tokove snabdevanja osnovnim zivotnim namirnicama i drugim robama u posebnom rezimu i u drugim slucajevima ugrozavanja bezbednosti gradjana ili odbrane i bezbednosti Republike.

Ministar je Uredbom ovlascen da, kada to zahtevaju razlozi odbrane Republike, licu koje predstavlja opasnost za bezbednost Republike, resenjem izrekne meru bezbednosti upucivanja na boravak u odredjeno mesto, koja mera moze trajati dok postoje razlozi zbog kojih je izrecena, a najduze 60 dana, posle kog roka se takvo lice predaje u nadleznost pravosudnih organa.

Sluzbena lica ministarstva ovlascena su da iz razloga bezbednosti prilikom privodjenja, zadrzavanja ili lisenja slobode mogu i bez resenja o pretresanju da izvrse pretresanje lica. Sluzbena lica ministarstva ovlascena su da i bez resenja o pretresanju pretresaju i lica, njihove stvari, vozila i prostorije a u cilju provere da li ta lica neovlasceno poseduju oruzje, municiju, eksploziv i druge stvari podobne za napad ili diverzije, robu koja je u posebnom rezimu za vreme ratnog stanja kao i propagandni materijal neprijateljske sadrzine.

Sluzbena lica ministarstva ovlascena su da, kad interesi bezbednosti i odbrane zemlje nalazu, na osnovu resenja neposrednog staresine otvaraju pisma i druge posiljke, ako postoji osnovana sumnja da se radi o krivicnom delu. Ovim je izmenjen clan 13 Zakona o unutrasnjim poslovima, kojim je bilo predvidjeno da se od nacela nepovredivosti tajne pisma moze odstupiti samo po odluci Predsednika Vrhovnog suda Srbije, odnosno sudije koga on odredi, a ako je to neophodno za vodjenje krivicnog postupka ili za bezbednost i odbranu Republike.

Sluzbena lica ministarstva, ako drugacije ne mogu da sprece bekstvo lica zatecenog u vrsenju krivicnog dela koje se goni po sluzbenoj duznosti, ovlascena su da mogu upotrebiti vatreno oruzje. Clanom 23 Zakona o o unutrasnjim poslovima sluzbena lica ministarstva bila su ovlascena da u ovom slucaju upotrebe vatreno oruzje ako postoje osnovi sumnje da lice poseduje vatreno oruzje i da ce ga upotrebiti.

Status ovlascenih sluzbenih lica po Uredbi imaju svi radnici Ministarstva koje odredi ministar ili lice koje on ovlasti. Ova lica duzna su da izvrse sva naredjenja pretpostavljenog izdata radi obavljanja poslova, osim ukoliko bi to predstavljalo krivicno delo.

Ministar ili lice koje on ovlasti, kada interesi sluzbe to zahtevaju, moze radnika Ministarstva premestiti ili uputiti na rad u drugu organizacionu jedinicu, dok to interesi sluzbe zahtevaju.

Kao protivtezu vecim ovlascenjima ovlascenih sluzbenih lica Ministarstva, Uredba predvidja i njihovu poostrenu disciplinsku odgovornost, i to sto predvidja radnje koje se, pored onih vec propisanih Zakonom o unutrasnjim poslovima, smatraju tezom povredom radnih obaveza i duznosti, i to:

neopravdano izostajanje ili samovoljno udaljavanje iz ratne jedinice ili ustanove;

povreda vojne tajne, lakomislenost ili nedovoljna budnost u cuvanju spisa ili podataka;

nepodnosenje ili podnosenje netacnih izvestaja ili informacija, falsifikovanje sluzbenih isprava ili informacija i upotreba falsifikovanih isprava;

ispoljavanje nacionalne, rasne i verske netrpeljivosti i istupanje protiv vojnih, politickih i privrednih mera drzavnih organa, koje moze slabiti jedinstvo u odbrani zemlje;

svaka druga radnja ili propustanje radnje, koja predstavlja grubo krsenje propisa ili naredjenja, ili grubo zanemarivanje i ometanje pravilnog i brzog funkcionisanja sluzbe.

Uredba, takodje, za teze povrede radnih obaveza i duznosti pored disciplinskih mera i kazni predvidjenih Zakonom, predvidja i nove kazne, i to: ogranicenje kretanja do 60 dana i vracanje na zvanje nizeg stepena ili nizi cin u trajanju od 1 do 2 godine.

Za teze povrede radnih obaveza i duznosti mere i kazne izrice, na predlog neposrednog staresine, nacelnik resora Ministarstva ili lice koje on odredi.

Uredba predvidja i nove kazne za lakse povrede radnih obaveza i duznosti, i to: zabrana izlaska van kruga kasarne do 4 dana, kao i ogranicenje kretanja do 30 dana. Kazne za lakse povrede radnih obaveza i duznosti izrice neposredni staresina ratne jedinice policije.

Uredbom je predvidjeno i da se u sastav jedinica policije mogu angazovati i ucenici skole unutrasnjih poslova koji su navrsili 16 godina.


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According to the Decree, the Internal Affairs Act of the Republic of Serbia and other regulations pertinent to internal affairs shall be enforced during the state of war unless the Decree provides otherwise.

The Decree introduces certain broader competencies for the Ministry of the Interior during the state of war. These include:

If maintenance of public law and order and prevention of jeopardy to defence and security require, the Ministry shall be authorised to restrict movement, i.e. detain a person, for longer than 24 hours -- which was the maximum length provided in Article 11 (3) of the Internal Affairs Act -- in case unremovable obstacles block initiation of misdemeanour or criminal prosecution. The Ministry shall have this authority over persons who: a) violate public law and order, b) speculate on the market during war conditions, c) disrupt the regular flows of provisions of the basic foodstuffs and other articles on the special regime, and d) in any other way jeopardise the safety of citizens or the defence and safety of the republic.

If the purposes of the defence of the republic require, the Minister of the Interior shall be authorised to pass the security measure of detaining the person who puts the safety of the Republic into danger. The person may be kept in detention for as long as the reasons of the detention exist, or 60 days maximum. After this term, the person shall be handed over to the court administration.

Out of security reasons during the detaining procedure, officers of the Ministry of the Interior shall have the authority without a search warrant to search the person. Ministry's officers shall be authorised without a search warrant to search persons, their belongings, vehicles and premises in order to check against illegal possession of weapons, ammunition, explosives and other articles that can be used for attack or diversions; against illegal possession of articles that are on the special regime during the state of war; as well as against enemy propaganda materials.

When the interests of security and defence of the country require, should there be a grounded suspicion of a perpatration of a criminal offence, ministry's officers shall be authorised to open letters and other dispatches on decision of the immediate senior officer. This regulation appends Article 13 of Internal Affairs Act, which provided that the principle of inviolability of the secret of a letter can be disregarded only on decision by the Chairman of the Supreme Court of Serbia, or a judge designated by that chairman, and if criminal prosecution or for the security and defence of the republic require so.

If unable to prevent the escape of a person caught in a misdemeanour act, ministry's officers shall be authorised to use firearms. Previously, Article 23 of the Internal Affairs Act authorised ministry's officers to use fire arms if there was suspicion that the person was in possession of a fire arm and intended to use it.

The Decree provides that ministry's officers shall be any employees of the Ministry of the Interior designated by the Minister of the Interior or a person designated by him. Ministry's officers shall be obliged to carry out all orders their superiors issue them with in the line of duty, unless the enforcement of these orders should constitute a misdemeanour.

If the interests of the services require, the Minister of the Interior or person designated by him may relocate any employee of the Ministry or send him to some other ministry unit for as long a period as the interests of the service require.

As a counterbalance to the broadened authorities of ministry's officers, the Decree imposes stricter disciplinary responsibility for them. As grave violations of officers' professional duties and obligations, in addition to those included in the Internal Affairs Act, the Decree includes the following actions:

Unjustified absence or wilful abandon of war unit or institution;

Divulgence of army secrets, recklessness or lack of alertness in securing documents or data;

Failure to report or filing incorrect reports or information, forgery of official identification documents or information, and use of forged identification documents;

Nationally, racially and religiously intolerant behaviour or acts of opposition to military, political and economic measures passed by the state that could weaken the unity of the defence of the country;

Any other action or failure to act that represents grave violation of regulations or orders, or gross neglect and hindrance of proper and prompt operation of the service.

In addition to the discipline measures and sanctions provided in the Internal Affairs Act, the Decree introduces new sanctions for grave violations of officers' professional duties and obligations. These include up to 60-days' detention or one- to two-years' demotion. Sanctions for the grave violations of officers' professional duties and obligations shall be passed by the head of the particular department of the ministry or a person designated by him.

The Decree imposes new sanctions for lighter violations of officers' professional duties and obligations. These include restriction of movement to the army/police barracks area up to four days and up to 30-days' detention. The immediate superior officer in the particular war police unit shall pass sanctions for the lighter violations of officers' professional duties and obligations.

The Decree provides that students of the Internal Affairs School may be recruited into the police units provided they are older than 16.


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